Mechanical Harvesting Increases Leaf and Stem Debris in Loads of Mechanically Harvested Citrus Fruit
Identifieur interne : 001C68 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001C67; suivant : 001C69Mechanical Harvesting Increases Leaf and Stem Debris in Loads of Mechanically Harvested Citrus Fruit
Auteurs : Timothy M. Spann [États-Unis] ; Michelle D. Danyluk [États-Unis]Source :
- HortScience [ 0018-5345 ] ; 2010.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Mécanisation, Horticulture, Agrume.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
The adoption of mechanical harvesting for processing oranges is a major objective of the Florida citrus industry. A number of issues have slowed the adoption of this new technology, including the observation that the amount of leaves, stems, and dead branches (collectively termed "debris") is greater in mechanically harvested than in hand-harvested loads of fruit. This debris increases transportation and processing costs. The objective of this research was to determine the amount and types of debris in mechanically harvested loads of sweet oranges compared with hand-harvested controls. Mechanical harvesting was found to increase the amount of debris per load of fruit by as much as 250% compared with hand-harvested fruit. This translates into ≃108 kg of debris compared with 71 kg (fresh weight) per 27 t load for mechanically harvested and hand-harvested fruit, respectively. Across harvesting method, leaves were the largest component of debris, accounting for ≃60% of total debris, small stems (less than 5 mm diameter) accounted for ≃35%, and the remaining 5% was large stems (greater than 5 mm diameter). In addition, the amount of sand on the surface of mechanically harvested fruit that was picked up from the orchard floor was found to be up to 10 times greater compared with hand-harvested controls. Engineers developing debris elimination systems for mechanical harvesting systems can use the data from this study to determine the performance requirements of their systems. The data are also useful for economic analyses of the costs of mechanical harvesting.
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Spann</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>University of Florida, Horticultural Sciences Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road</s1><s2>Lake Alfred, FL 33850</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Danyluk, Michelle D" sort="Danyluk, Michelle D" uniqKey="Danyluk M" first="Michelle D." last="Danyluk">Michelle D. Danyluk</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Florida, Food Science and Human Nutrition Department, Citrus Research and Education Center, 700 Experiment Station Road</s1><s2>Lake Alfred, FL 33850</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Floride</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">HortScience</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">HortScience</title><idno type="ISSN">0018-5345</idno><imprint><date when="2010">2010</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">HortScience</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">HortScience</title><idno type="ISSN">0018-5345</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Canopy(vegetation)</term><term>Citrus fruit</term><term>Citrus sinensis</term><term>Debris</term><term>Horticulture</term><term>Increase</term><term>Mechanical harvesting</term><term>Mechanization</term><term>Plant leaf</term><term>Rutaceae</term><term>Stem</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Récolte mécanique</term><term>Augmentation</term><term>Feuille végétal</term><term>Tige</term><term>Débris</term><term>Canopée</term><term>Mécanisation</term><term>Horticulture</term><term>Rutaceae</term><term>Citrus sinensis</term><term>Agrume</term><term><<>></term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mécanisation</term><term>Horticulture</term><term>Agrume</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The adoption of mechanical harvesting for processing oranges is a major objective of the Florida citrus industry. A number of issues have slowed the adoption of this new technology, including the observation that the amount of leaves, stems, and dead branches (collectively termed "debris") is greater in mechanically harvested than in hand-harvested loads of fruit. This debris increases transportation and processing costs. The objective of this research was to determine the amount and types of debris in mechanically harvested loads of sweet oranges compared with hand-harvested controls. Mechanical harvesting was found to increase the amount of debris per load of fruit by as much as 250% compared with hand-harvested fruit. This translates into ≃108 kg of debris compared with 71 kg (fresh weight) per 27 t load for mechanically harvested and hand-harvested fruit, respectively. Across harvesting method, leaves were the largest component of debris, accounting for ≃60% of total debris, small stems (less than 5 mm diameter) accounted for ≃35%, and the remaining 5% was large stems (greater than 5 mm diameter). In addition, the amount of sand on the surface of mechanically harvested fruit that was picked up from the orchard floor was found to be up to 10 times greater compared with hand-harvested controls. Engineers developing debris elimination systems for mechanical harvesting systems can use the data from this study to determine the performance requirements of their systems. The data are also useful for economic analyses of the costs of mechanical harvesting.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Floride</li></region></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Floride"><name sortKey="Spann, Timothy M" sort="Spann, Timothy M" uniqKey="Spann T" first="Timothy M." last="Spann">Timothy M. Spann</name></region><name sortKey="Danyluk, Michelle D" sort="Danyluk, Michelle D" uniqKey="Danyluk M" first="Michelle D." last="Danyluk">Michelle D. Danyluk</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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